Effect of Communication Barriers and Overcoming These...

Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 3 2.0 Types of communication barrier 3 2.1 Physical barrier 4 2.2 Perceptual barrier 4 2.3 Language barrier 4 2.4 Emotional barrier 5 2.5 Information overload 5 3.0 Ways of overcoming these communication barriers 5 3.1 Eliminating physical barrier 6 3.2 Eliminating differences in perception 6 3.3 Simplifying languages 6 3.4 Emotional state 6 3.5 Regulating information flow 6 4.0 Conclusion 7 References 8 1.0 Introduction Good morning ladies and gentlemen, thank you for inviting me to come to your company today. My name is XXX and I will be talking about â€Å"Effect of Communication Barriers and Overcoming These Barriers†. Ladies and Gentlemen, To begin my speech today, let’s define what communication is.†¦show more content†¦For example, the companys human resource manager who in charge in interviewing job applicant expects female job applicant to put her family ahead of her career regardless of whether the applicants feel that way or not. This perception is biased and the interviewer should clarify with the female job applicant first. 2.3 Language barrier Language plays and important role in the communication process. It can also be a barrier to an effective communication as the sender and the receiver must understand and able to converse the language properly. Language barrier will lead the sender and receiver to misunderstand each other when inappropriate words are used. For example, if the sender is doesnt clearly speak the same language as the receiver then they may be using words that do not make sense. Another example is words from a certain dialect that is not common to the people in your office or jargon that others do not know what the meaning is. 2.4 Emotional barrier Emotional barrier can happen as acceptable styles of communication vary between cultures. In some societies physical gestures are extravagant, and touch is more acceptable. In these societies, it is generally acceptable to hug and touch a person’s arm when you are speaking to him. In other societies this would be unacceptable. Some religions have a taboo about members of the opposite sex communicating and particularly touching. For example, casual hugging and kissing in public would beShow MoreRelatedEffects of Communication Barriers and Overcoming These Barriers2435 Words   |  10 Pages1.0 Introduction Good morning ladies and gentleman, today I would like to talk about communication barriers and suggestion to overcome these barriers. Communication is neither transmission of message nor message itself. It is the mutual exchange of understanding, originating with the receiver. Communication needs to be effectives in business and is essence of management. Effective communication is crucial at every level of an organization. However, the ability to communicate effectively does notRead MoreMid-Module Communications Assignment. In This Assignment,1636 Words   |  7 PagesMid-module Communications assignment In this assignment, I am looking at communications in several different ways. These are to, Understand the importance of the role of communication in the workplace; Understand how barriers to communication can impact upon an organisation meeting goals and objectives; Understand how barriers to communication impact upon an individual and a team meeting their goals and objective; Understand how strategies for overcoming barriers to communication can assist in meetingRead MoreStructured Answer Questions Understanding Innovation And Change In An Organisation2259 Words   |  10 Pageschange a manager needs to understand innovation and change in an organisation In order to effectively manage the manager needs to know how to plan, monitor and review the implementation and communication of innovation and change in an organisation In order to engage a team a manager needs to understand the effects of innovation and change on people and teams in an organisation note An ILM Assessment Task provides an opportunity to relate your learning directly to your current organisation. It isRead MoreGraduate School: Overcoming Barriers to Success1274 Words   |  6 PagesGraduate School: Overcoming Barriers to Success Graduate School: Overcoming Barriers to Success The decision to attend graduate school can be one of immense commitment and responsibility. Success requires rigorous planning and well-defined goals, both short-term and long-term. Exceptional communication skills are also necessary to interact effectively with fellow classmates and faculty. Although completion of a Master’s program opens doors to many professional career opportunities, it does notRead MoreGraduate School: Overcoming Barriers to Success1284 Words   |  6 PagesGraduate School: Overcoming Barriers to Success Kasey Kiesler HCS/504 September 24, 2012 Professor Brenda Harton Graduate School: Overcoming Barriers to Success The decision to attend graduate school can be one of immense commitment and responsibility. Success requires rigorous planning and well-defined goals, both short-term and long-term. Exceptional communication skills are also necessary to interact effectively with fellow classmatesRead MoreEffective Communication in the Workplace Essay1220 Words   |  5 PagesCommunication Barriers in the Workplace Communication barriers in the workplace can have a serious effect on the functioning and of an organization. In the following article we shall understand what some of these communication barriers are and how to overcome them. Ads by Google Improve Communication Our NLP Training Program Helps You Overcome Your Fears. Enroll Today! www.EasyNLP.com/ Conflict Management How much is conflict costing you? Assessment, Training, Coaching www.StrategicLeadershipCoachingRead MoreGroup Communication Paper1173 Words   |  5 Pagesstatuses, and trust that both affect. They reflect the quality of communication between a person and others. The variables that have an important effect on relationships are made with others in small groups. These are the roles a person assumes, the norms or standards, the group develops, the status differences that affect the groups productivity, the power some members have, the trust that improves group performance, and the effects of cultural differences (Beebe amp; Masterson, 2006). IncludedRead MoreCommunication Barriers in Workplace1252 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Communication Barriers in the Workplace Communication barriers in the workplace can have a serious effect on the functioning and of an organization. In the following article we shall understand what some of these communication barriers are and how to overcome them. What are the Communication Barriers in the Workplace? Difference in Perception No two people can perceive an event in the same way. What I infer from a particular incident, the other will not necessarily perceive the same. ThisRead MoreExpository Essay : Pacing Essay915 Words   |  4 PagesMikhil Patel APLAC, Period 2 Spencer Narrative Draft Pacing Embed reflection Language plays a great role in the process of transmitting knowledge: everybody learns a language at a very early stage of their life and this means of communication will be used throughout in order to give and receive knowledge. In the course of just one day we claim that we know something just because we have read it somewhere or somebody has told us about it. We can therefore see what a powerful tool language is. TheRead MoreFactors That Influence Communication And The Strategies1262 Words   |  6 PagesFactors that influence communication and the strategies to overcome them. Communication is a two way process which two individuals participate in in-order to understand the view point and ideas of each other. â€Å"Communication is a cycle because when two people communicate they need to check that their ideas have been understood†. (Health and Social Care L3 book 1, page 18) This process however doesn’t always go accordingly, which then leads to barriers arising. Interpersonal interaction is the

The Hippopotamus Free Essays

The Hippopotamus† Eliot uses the comparison of the hippo and The Church to make a mocking to en against religion. There are two main symbols in this poem, the hippo and The Church. Through hoot the poem, the stanzas are broken up between the two symbols, describing the hi pop in the beginning of the stanza and The Church in the end. We will write a custom essay sample on The Hippopotamus or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the third stanza it says, â€Å"the hippo’s feeble steps may err’, meaning the hippo can walk astray (9). This shows how the hippo is a symbol that represents the weakness of the flesh, even in the strongest of Cree tauter. Even though the hippo may seem to be strong and thick skinned animal, the com orison to The Church proves it to be weak against the â€Å"power of religion. The Church represents two different things in this poem, depending on the interpretation. In the beginning Of the poem, it represents the strength and et renal life of God in comparison to the weakness of the flesh, as it reads in the 7th line in the SE condo stanza, â€Å"while the True Church can never fail For it is based upon a rock. † (7). But as t he poem reads on, the comparison between the hippo and The Church merge, causing a mock king tone to arise. The hippo dies and is carried up to heaven with angels signing and â€Å"hard as of gold† playing, leaving the church â€Å"below Wrap in the old miasmal mist’ (32, 36) In r eating this, The Church morphs from a strong symbol of God, into a weak and hypocritical ins tuition that is wasting its strength to save on saving an animal. The two tones then combine in the end to Courtney make Elite’s opinion on The Church and religion known; hypocritical, inflated, and egotistical. Knowing that Elite’s work in his early years was that of a cynical tone, and know Wing that this poem was one of the first he wrote, we can assume that this is a Poe m of mocking tone. How to cite The Hippopotamus, Papers

Colonial Beginning of Modern Theatre in India Essay Example For Students

Colonial Beginning of Modern Theatre in India Essay Colonial Beginning of Modern Theatre in India India’s brush with the West during late eighteenth and early 20th century had broad runing political, economic, societal and cultural effects. In the field of theater this brush changed about everything – its signifier, way and gait ( Jain 1992:61 ) . Established in the British colonies in Calcutta and later in Bombay, the birth of modern theater in India is unimpeachably a colonial phenomenon. The bing traditional theatrical public presentations were perceived as coarse rural amusement and an attitude of superciliousness or apathy towards them developed. The British worked with the premise that India lacked theatrical civilization and they took it as the ‘white adult males burden’ to originate Indians into it and Indians readily stepped frontward to copy and absorb western theatrical theoretical accounts available before them. During British colonial regulation theater as a modern signifier of storytelling and amusement bit by bit became established in main metropoliss like Calcutta ( East ) , Madras ( South ) , Bombay ( West ) and Varanasi ( North ) . The bequest of the modern Indian theater began with the terminal of the laterality of classical Sanskrit theater or more exactly brahminical caste witting theater and the shifting of the thematic convention and performative tradition ( Rangacharya 1975:94 ) . Rise of Theatre in Colonial India It is hard to turn up the history of about two hundred old ages of colonial theater in the altering socio- political and cultural surroundings. Theatre in this period possibly seen in three wide stages, first phase can be called the colonial period runing from 1795 ( the production ofDisguise) to 1872 ( the production ofNiladarpan) , during this phase, Indian theater was in its imitative stage and remained a manner of amusement and societal interactions for a selected set of English people and flush educated indigens. Theatre pattern was confined to the private theater ; some of the theater houses were build in the houses or groves of Baboo Prasanna Kumar Tagore ( Hindu theater ) , Baboo Nabin Chandra Bose ( Shyam Bazar Theatre ) and Baboo Parry Mohan Bose ( Jorasanko Natyasala ) . Bombay theatre scene had a similar flight before the coming of the Parsi theater. The colonial theater was strictly an recreational pattern and developed trusting on western theoretical accounts peculiarly Shakespeare became rather popular. On November 27Thursday, 1795, Herasim Lebedeff ( 1749-1817 ) , a Russian with the aid of his Bengali coach Golaknath Das staged a Bengali version of the English drama,The Disguiseat the Bengal Theatre in Calcutta ( Barucha 1953:8 ) . Lebedeff made the interlingual renditions and the performing artists were all Bengalis. For Rangacharya this public presentation heralded the birth of the modern theater ( 1971:94 ) . At that clip the merely theatre bing was entirely British like The Calcutta theater ( supported by Warrren Hastings ) with repertories ofThe School for Scandal,Richard III,Hamletand others. The English theater entertained officers, merchants’ bookmans and clerks of east India Company. It was so sole that even Usshers and ushers were English ( Barucha 1953:8 ) By 1840 there was a demand among playgoers of Bengal to see theatre that would turn to the altering attitudes in society and in add-on they wanted to be entertained excessively.Bidyut Sundar( 1836 ) was among the first of these private public presentations. Staged in assorted parts of the house including the garden and the pulling room of Nabin Chandra Basu ( 9 ) the production relied to a great extent on hi-tech theatrical equipment imported from England. The drama was a dramatisation of Annada Mangal, a Bengali verse form by Bharat Chandra. As a dramaBidyut Sundarwas gawky but it’s historic importance was huge. It stimulated blue bloods like Jyotindranath Tagore and Pratap Chandra Sinha to sponsor theaters by in private patronizing public presentations of Bengali dramas. The effects of English instruction, the influence of western civilisation, the rise of political consciousness all created agitation that gave clout to people to assail orthodoxies and to turn to societal im moralities. The first original drama in Bengali was Ram Narayan Tarkaratna’s ( 1822-1886 )Kulin Kulasarvasa( 1853 ) and laterNaba- Natak( New Drama ) ( 1867 ) both were societal dramas on the immoralities ofKulin( upper category ) polygamy. Michael Madhusudhan Dutt’s ( 1824-1873 ) foremost brush with Bengali theater was his English interlingual rendition of a Sanskrit classical drama adapted by Ramnnarayan Tarkaratna s dramaRatnavali( 1858 ) . He wroteSarmistha( 1858 ) , based on a romantic episode from Mahabharata besides oppugning Hindu norms, his other drama calledEkei Ki Bale Sabhyata?( Is this Called Civilization? ) ( 1860 ) satirizes an anglicized baboo Naba Kumar who shocks people by his idiosyncrasies and in it we besides have treatments of female emancipation and widow remarriage. In south India in late 19th century dramas based on the new western theoretical account were written in linguistic communications like Tamil, Telugu, Kannada and Malayalam. Some names associated with theaters were: Pammal Sambandha Mudaliar ( 1873-1964 ) described as the establishing male parent of Tamil theater, Gubbi Veeranna ( 1890 1974 ) a innovator in Kannada theater and Dharamavaram Krishnamchari ( 1853–1912 ) a celebrated Telugu playwright. The dramas contained narratives drawn from fabulous, historical or societal event but signifier and construction were based on superficial imitation of the dramas of Shakespeare. Landfills: A Growing Menace EssayIn this stage Indian theater strived to get an individuality of its ain by reinventing autochthonal historical or fabulous characters, during this clip, one group of theatre practicians like Rabindranath Tagore, Bhartendu Harishchandra and Jayshankar Prasad treated theatre art aesthetically asDrishya Kavya( Hansen 1989: 86 ) and tried to maneuver clear of commerce rampant around the clip. The Third Phase: The Parsi Theatre and Indian People’s Theatre Association ( IPTA ) Late 19th century was the stage of the rise of commercial theaters, the Parsi theater on the one manus and the formation of the socially, politically and culturally witting Indian People’s Theatre Association ( IPTA ) on the other. During the period 1853 to 1931, Bombay developed a lively theatrical civilization rounded in the overlapping patterns of the Parsi, Gujarati, and Marathi theaters ( Hansen 1999:127-147 ) . This new urban theater was popularly known as Parsi theater. It arose in order to supply amusement to the increasing population of large metropoliss consequent upon industrialisation. It presenting dramas based on Indian mythology, history and fables. With its traveling companies, they travelled to different parts of the state and made a enormous impact on their audience. Western Naturalistic play, opera and traditional common people signifiers created a blend for visual aspect of the commercial Parsi theater. A assortment of immense scenes, apron phase, colourful backgrounds, spectacle, melodrama, music, temper and love affair wholly contributed to the devising of this theater. Agha Hashr ( 1880-1931 ) was an of import dramatist of the Parsi theater along with other well-known dramatists like Nara in Prasad Betab and Radhey Shyam Kathavachak. Parsi theater besides had outstanding histrions like Cowasji Khatau, Khurshedji Baliwala, Master Madan, Fida Hussain Narasi, Having developed in freshly emerging large metropoliss like Kolkata, Delhi, Mumbai and Chennai this signifier of theater performed by professional groups was the lone beginning of mass amusement before the outgrowth of film. The motion made a important attempt to convey play closer to the common people but its attack was brassy and orientation was fundamentally western. In fact, modern Indian theater grew chiefly as a reaction against its initial crudeness and shallowness. Between the late thirtiess and the 1950s, a scope of events ; the colonial atrociousnesss, the Bengal Famine of 1943, the Telengana ( in Andhra Pradesh ) and Tebhaga ( in Bengal ) provincial motions, the Second World War, communal force, Partition, Failure of Nehruvian ideals created demand for an alternate civilization and generated responses in the signifier of aesthetic productions across music, theater, art and dance. Indian People’s Theatre Association formed in 1943 used theater as a political arm to show an alternate theoretical account of cultural production. It officially adopted the thought that music, common people signifiers and theater would be used for protest and response to the battles of a colonised state on the one manus and the multi-layered subjugation of the common people under both the colonial and the immediate post-independence period. The provinces where this motion was dominant were Uttar Pradesh, Bengal, Delhi, Punjab, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala. The cultural squad of Binoy Roy travelled across the state to inform people about the lay waste toing dearth in Bengal through their choirBhookha Hai Bengal( Bengal is Hungry ) . P.C. Joshi, the so General Secretary of Communist Party of India took the enterprise and the creative persons of the times Prithviraj Kapoor, Bijon Bhattacharya, Ritwik Ghatak, Utpal Dutt, Khwaja Ahmad Abbas, Mulk Raj Anand, Salil Chowdhury, Rajendra Raghuvanshi, Jyotirindra Moitra, Safdar Mir and many others came frontward and formed Indian People’s Theatre Association ( IPTA ) in 1942. The first most popular drama of IPTA was Bijon Bhattacharya’s‘Nabanna’( Fresh Harvest ) . The drama was directed by Shambhu Mitra and Bijon Bhattacharya and was foremost staged on October 24, 1944 at ‘Srirangam’ , Calcutta. It portrayed the desolations of the Bengal dearth and the apathy of the British swayers, as besides of the flush category towards the predicament of the v ictims of dearth.Nabanna’was a successful in bestiring people and besides collected a significant amount for the victims of the dearth through its public presentations. Thoppil Bhasi’s Malyalam drama‘Ningal Endai Communist Akki’( You Made Me a Communist ) played a historical function in distributing communist plan in Kerala. The dance play viz.Bharat Ki Atma( Soul of India ) andAmar( Eternal ) were popular and other dance play of Ravi Shankar, Binoy Roy, Aboni Das Gupta, Shantivardhan, Nagesh and Prem Dhawan acted as accelerators in arousing the countrymen for their rights. Apart from theater, music and dance public presentations, the traditional common people signifiers besides contributed a batch to convey about societal reordering‘Navjeevner Gaan’( Song of New Life ) by Jyotirindra Moitra andBurra Katha,Veedhi NatakamandHari Kathaby Raja Rao were the advanced plants in in consonant rhyme with the aims of IPTA. Soon after India s Independence in 1947, the theatre scene started to alter radically. The impact of IPTA began to worsen and even amusement theater received a reverse due to the challenge of the more popular genre of film.

The Power of Introductory Word to the World of Faerie Knights

Edmund Spenser was one of the most famous English poets of the 16th century whose main achievement was the creation of the epic poem, The Faerie Queene.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Power of Introductory Word to the World of Faerie Knights specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This poem is considered to be a successful example of how the stanzas may be organized, and Spencer’s contribution to the development of fixed verses was considerable. In this paper, the two beginning verses of the poem will be analyzed in order to comprehend the motives of the author as well as the main messages sent from the end of the 16th century. Each line of The Faerie Queene is a kind of brick that creates a magnificent path to the door that opens the world of Faerie knights, ladies, and emotions which develop various types of relations. There are two verses of 9 lines each which are introduced in the iambic pentameter ended with one Alexandrine line. Such combination of lines facilitates the reading process and shows that more interest appears with each new line offered. Lo I the man, whose Muse whilome did maske, As time her taught, in lowly Shepheards weeds. (Spenser and Kaske 3) The author admits that he is not ready to disclose his personality but still underlines that he has certain skills to introduce a story as he has Muse that had already inspired him long time ago. Am now enforst a farre unfitter taske, For trumpets sterne to chaunge mine Oaten reeds. (Spenser and Kaske 3)Advertising Looking for essay on british literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These lines show that the author has to take a serious step in his life and undergo a number of changes to meet the expectations of the society. Though he is not sure whether he is ready to take such a step, he makes an attempt and wants to succeed. And sing of Knights and Ladies gentl e deeds, Whose prayses having slept in silence long. Me, all too meane, the sacred Muse areeds To blazon broad emongst her learned throng: Fierce warres and faithful loves shall moralize my song. (Spenser and Kaske 3) His task now is to describe the life of knights and their ladies, and his previous duties were far from evaluating such amazing times of honor, prudence, and passion. Though the stories about those past times are hidden to the reader, the author wants to disclose the peculiarities of human lives. Fights, love, and glory are the main aspects of the poem. Helpe then, O holy Virgin chiefe of nine, Thy weaker Novice to performe thy will. (Spenser and Kaske 4). The author is not afraid to ask for help and admit his own weaknesses. Still, he has to perform the will set, and he will ask anyone for help to succeed in his activities. Lay forth out of thine everlasting scryne The antique rolles, which there lye hidden still, Of Faerie knights and fairest Tanaquill, Whom that mos t noble Briton Prince so long Sought through the world, and suffered so much ill,Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Power of Introductory Word to the World of Faerie Knights specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More That I must rue his undeserved wrong: O helpe thou my weake wit, and sharpen my dull tong. (Spenser and Kaske 4) In these lines, the author introduces one of the main ideas of the poem, and â€Å"fairest Tanaquill†, the queen of the Land that is considered in the story. Not much information is available about people, the land, and the activities of the queen, this is why it is so interesting to investigate the events from the past and describe their urgency for the reader. Suffering and pain have been inherent to the times of the queens and knights, and it is a human duty to appreciate personal past and be aware of how different people fight for their freedom, love, and honor. Life is divided into th e parts, and the main task of the knight is to find his own place in the world and his mistress in order to make the life complete. In general, the idea of the two first verses of the poem is clear indeed: there are some themes from the past that have to be disclosed to the reader, and the author takes the responsibility to introduce the world of the knights and queens from his own perspective. Of course, he understands that he is not powerful enough to describe properly each aspect of past life; this is why he is ready to admit his weakness and to ask higher powers for help and inspiration. Works Cited Spenser, Edmund and Kaske, Carol. â€Å"The First Booke of the Faerie Queene. Contayning. The Legend of the Knight of the Red Crosse, or of Holinesse.† The Faerie Queene: Book One. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc.: 2006. This essay on The Power of Introductory Word to the World of Faerie Knights was written and submitted by user Grav1ty to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Path to Enlightenment Essay

Path to Enlightenment Essay Path to Enlightenment Essay Path to Enlightenment Enlightenment is the obtainment of inner peace and true wisdom. How to achieve this seemingly unattainable idea has been a prevalent question since the dawn of time. Two authors, Matthew Arnold in his poem â€Å"Self Dependence and N. Scott Momaday in his nonfiction text â€Å"A Vision Beyond Time and Place†, attempt to answer this complex question. In each of their texts, they look to nature for spiritual enlightenment. Because they are posing the same question and both are looking to nature for answers, one would assume they would come up with similar processes for achieving spiritual enlightenment. However, this is not the case due to the contrasting points of view each author takes. The texts are similar in many ways, such as the importance they stress on nature. Although due to the difference in points of view, they end up conveying entirely different messages: one supporting self-dependence and the other supporting expansion of the mind. The question Momaday and Arnold answer through their writing is fundamentally the same: how to achieve enlightenment. The crucial difference between the two texts is the contrasting points of view. While Arnold explores the attainment of enlightenment from an individual’s standpoint, Momaday explores it from a society’s standpoint. Arnold is essentially asking the question: â€Å"How do I reach spiritual enlightenment, whereas, Momaday is asking: â€Å"How can we as a society reach enlightenment?† Arnold’s speaker desperately seeks advice in order to help him find out who he is supposed to be, â€Å"Weary of myself, and sick of asking What I am, and what I ought to be†(1-2). Through the rhetorical device of anaphora: the speaker’s hopelessness is emphasized. The author repeats the phrase â€Å"what I am† which highlights how lost the speaker is. He is struggling to find his place and needs guidance to help him find his way. While Arn old talks about a single person’s search for enlightenment, Momaday focuses on society’s search for enlightenment, â€Å"†¦most of us in this society are afflicted with a kind of cultural nearsightedness†¦we fail to see the nature and meaning of our own humanity† (Momaday). Momaday expresses that a common problem with society is the inability to expand one’s mind. People can’t break the barrier that traps their mind and therefor remain ignorant and closed off. It is shown here that â€Å"A Vision Beyond Time and Place† focuses on society’s problem, rather than an individual’s problem. This key difference between the texts, along with dissimilar literary techniques and contrasting diction, causes each work to convey dissimilar messages. Nature has always been viewed a place of power, awe, and purity. Both authors recognize this and look to the sky when searching for enlightenment. In â€Å"Self Dependence†, th e speaker desperately seeks advice from the stars, â€Å"And a look of passionate desire O’er the sea and to the stars I send†(5-6). The speaker in this poem admires nature greatly and wishes to become like it, all-powerful and supreme. The same reverence for nature is expressed in Momaday’s work, â€Å"Every morning, my father tells me, Cheney would paint his wrinkled face, go out, and pray aloud to the rising sun† (Momaday). Cheney’s unwavering devotion to the sun is demonstrated through this quote. This proves the great resect that Cheney has for nature. The unnamed speaker from the poem looks to the stars as a source of comfort and solace, seeking advice from it. Cheney prays to the sun every day and views it with great reverence. These acts of dedication and admiration prove the importance role nature plays in both of these texts. It is evident that nature plays a significant part in both works, however, the message nature conveys in each text is starkly different. When the unnamed speaker in the poem asks how to become more like the stars, the stars respond with these words: â€Å"Bounded by themselves, and unregardful In what state God’s other works may be†(26-28). Through

Archimedes Essays (740 words) - Buoyancy, Archimedes, Pumps

Archimedes Ren.C Archimedes was a Greek mathematician and scientist. He was born in Syracuse, Sicily in the year 287 B.C. He was educated in Alexandria, Egypt. Due to the lack of information about Greek mathematics, many Greek mathematicians and their works are hardly known. Archimedes is the exception. Archimedes was very preoccupied with mathematics. For instance, he often forgot to eat and bathe because of his always wanted to solve problems. He found areas and volumes of spheres, cylinders and plain shapes. He showed that the volume of a sphere is two-thirds of the volume of the smallest cylinder that can contain the sphere. Archimedes was so proud of this concept that he requested that a cylinder enclosed a sphere, with an explanation of this concept, be engraved on his grave. Archimedes also gave a method for approximating pi. He was able to estimate the value of pi between 3 10/71 and 3 1/7. Math wasn?t as sophisticated enough to find out the exact pi (3.14). Archimedes was finding square roots and he found a method based on the Greek myriad for representing numbers as large as 1 followed by 80 million billion zeros. One of Archimedes accomplishments was his creation of the lever and pulley system. Archimedes proved his theory of the lever and pulley to the king by moving a ship, of the royal fleet, back into the ocean. Then, Archimedes moved the ship into the sea with only a few movements of his hand, which caused a lever and pulley device to move the ship. This story has become famous because Archimedes said, "Give me a place to stand on and I will move the earth. Another invention he invented was the Archimedean screw. This machine was built for raising water to highland areas in Egypt that could not receive water directly from the Nile River. This device is still used today for irrigation purposes even is some countries today. The most famous story of Archimedes life involves the discovery of Archimedes' Principle. The story begins when King Hieron asking a goldsmith to construct a gold wreath to the immortal gods. After some time, the king came to suspect that the wreath was not pure gold but rather filled with silver. In order to end his suspicion, the king asked Archimedes to determine whether the wreath was pure gold or filled with gold without destroying it. Archimedes agreed to try to solve the king's problem. Then one day, while he was taking a bath, Archimedes noticed that the water level rose in the bath as he entered the water. Archimedes was so excited by this discovery that he jumped out of his bath and ran naked through the streets yelling, "Eureka, Eureka!!? meaning, I have found it. Archimedes had discovered that a body immersed in a fluid displaces its weight of fluid. This principle in turn helped Archimedes prove that the gold wreath was not solid gold. Archimedes was probably most famous during the time he lived because he developed techniques defenses for Syracuse against the Romans. Syracuse was able to hold off the invasion for three years due to Archimedes?s inventions. He invented catapults, which hurled blocks of stone, and cranes, which dropped large stones on approaching ships. Also, he developed scaling ladders, which helped soldiers climb over enemy walls. Archimedes can use mirrors to reflect sunlight on the adversarial ships burning them. The Romans finally invaded Syracuse and overtook the city Archimedes was drawing circles in the dirt. When a soldier commanded Archimedes to surrender, Archimedes instead drew his sword and told the soldier that he wanted to finish the proof he was working on before surrendering. The soldier became angry and killed Archimedes. This shows that Archimedes was so committed to his expertise that he took the chance to dying in order to work on his last problem. Archimedes was so thoughtful with the study of math, and because of it, it led to many important discoveries and principles for us today. What helped me the most were encyclopedias, books and the Internet. I think I got enough information to basically point out the general account of it. I can?t really think of anything I can do differently. I learned that Archimedes was

An Examination of American and British Representation of Women Essay

An Examination of American and British Representation of Women Throughout and After the Second World War - Essay Example So the government authorities collaborated with the industry, the media and womens associations in an effort to support them to join the workforce by telling women it was their partisan responsibility to go to work. But devotion was not the just an encouragement for the women that the War Manpower Commission used to draw in women into the labor force. A lot of employment plans used the idea of augmented economic success to draw women into the labor force. In reality, a number of posters went so far away to glamorize war employment, in addition to pressurize the significance of women functioning in non-traditional professions. This paper will look at the innovative part that women unspecified once the war started, the troubles that they face together within the home and on work, even including women after the world war two and the consequences that the war had on them. Trying to grasp the home front mutually as there was a war waging overseas was not a simple duty. Women were not just requested to complete the everyday jobs that were in general waiting for them, but they were told to go to job. Unexpectedly, their very personal lives were curved into a very open and nationalistic reason. The modifications that women experienced in the late 1930’s and early 1940’s would be sensed by the generations to come. Usually the women position was considered to be in the house. She was accountable for food preparation, cleaning, taking care of the kids and looking her best. So when the war busted out, it was obvious that the America would not be capable to succeed the war devoid of the aid of their women, the habitual housewife and mother turned out to be the â€Å"wartime worker.†1 Still a great deal of the misinformation of the time used touching plea corresponding with nationalism. Women were continuously being repeated that their hus bands, sons and brothers were at risk as they were not getting the provisions they required. Mottos for

What is HRM and why does it matter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

What is HRM and why does it matter - Essay Example ng employment relationships in order to ensure that the efforts of the employees were specifically directed towards attaining organizational competitiveness and good performance in the increasingly volatile markets. Since then the term has increasingly been applied in numerous business undertakings of both small and large organizations to refer to organizational functions relating to matters related to employees. Michael Armstrong (2006) summarized human resource management as a strategic approach to achievement, development, motivation and management of the human resources in the organization. He adds that it works to shape a suitable corporate culture and initiate reflective and supportive programs regarding the organization’s core values. Human Resource Management describes a system within organizations designed for the management of employees. It works towards achieving organizational goals through acquiring and maintaining competent employees. Human resource management activities involve designing or defining work, staffing and employee benefits and compensation. According to Brewster and Scullion (1997), the human resource manager is charged with the duty of recruiting employees into the organization, helping them work, working out emerging problems and compensating them accordingly. It may well be concluded from the descriptions given by different scholars and professionals that human resource management deals with matters relating to employees such as organizational development, hiring, safety, training, compensation, benefits, wellness, and motivation among others. Many a scholar has noted that the basic asset of an organization is its human resources. In other words, the organization cannot flourish without effective management of these resources. Organizational success can only be achieved by the implementation of effective personnel policies and procedures which all add to the achievement of the organization’s set targets, objectives and

Communication & Crisis Essay Example for Free

Communication Crisis Essay Many disasters happen around us that we have no control over, nor do we know what the impact will be of these disasters long term and short term. On the environment surrounding us as well as what it may do to our health. Working as the director of health for my region it is my job to stay on top of such issues. Keeping an eye out for such emergencies that may endanger us in our everyday living space and most of all our health. I want to go through how I might deal with such situations and how I would address it head on. While at the same time keeping the public informed without overwhelming them as well as looking at who I would collaborate with to make this situation resolve in the smoothest and best way possible. The issue that has come to my attention is water contamination in a certain area. This contamination is life threatening and needs to be acknowledged and dealt with accurately and promptly. As I am the director of emergency health situations I see myself and the mediator and problem solver between the public (people) and media. Those two things are there for each other but if you are not too careful they can harm each other; giving out too much information or not enough or sometimes the wrong information can be harmful to all parties involved. Having such a situation on had you need to talk to the right people and receive all the right information. I would first go to the areas that have been affected and gather all the proper data and forms that show what chemicals are incorrect causing this contamination. I need this information for hard copy evidence so when I contact the media or speak in public I will have all the proper information. I will also get the CDC involved if they are not already involved. They will be conducting the proper tests and research to discover what the contaminated bacteria is. They will also have the proper protocol in containing it, as well as seeing the damage it has done to people who have ingested it and come in contact  with it. Finding an antidote will be another task they will have. In such a situation you will also get in contact with the proper news channels; national and local. Having my statements ready giving the media and public the help and information that they need. Communicating in any situation has its advantages and setbacks. Working in such a high pace and high stress industry makes communication that much more important and not to mention difficult. Being in the health care industry means you work and deal with a lot of the same people consistently. This at times can be a good thing. You build relationships with them you become accountable to one another, you even learn each other’s communications styles; you become comfortable with them, in some cases they even become your second family. Having that crutch that comfort in such a high stress and high demand career is needed. As I said befor you become accountable to one another and the team work/bond is unbreakable unparalleled. This kind of bond is desperately needed in such careers. Especially when you are dealing with millions of people’s lives, they always count on me as director of emergency health. Providing them with the best and most accurate information, help and solution to our health care crisis, that is no easy task and I cannot do it on my own. I use me organizations from the inside and outside; to give my best and keep our environment safe and clean. This same relationship is needed in any high profile type of career i.e. chief of medicine of a hospital the president of the United States. They all need to have great communication skills with their organizations and network of people. On the other side of the spectrum you can have communication issues that can do more damage than the crisis itself. You not only need to have basic communication skills with your staff and organizations but as we just finished discussing a great understanding and relationship with each other. If someone in the organizations you deal with miscommunicate on purpose for their own personal gain, whether that be to give themselves an advantage or just to give you a disadvantage, that may hinder your ability to protect yourself and the issue you are trying to solve. Giving you more steps to complete, possibly even making you back track. Making sure you have a good relationship and communication relationship with all the organizations you  deal with inside your office and outside is key. Even if you only deal with them occasionally or if you deal with them on a regular basis. Communicating in a non-crisis situation verses a crisis situation can have its differences. The main importance is no matter the situation your communication should be using the basic knowledge of conversing. Communication in a non-crisis is a little more relaxed, yes you still have things to get across to each other and they are somewhat important; but for the most part your emotions are not running high you have yourself composed and thinking rationally. The stakes aren’t usually as high it’s not a life or heath situation. A crisis situation the emotions are running high, you are frazzled thinking a million miles a minute. Dealing with this type of communication crisis at work should be handled with a calm clear and patient mind frame. We obviously know listening is key in any situation especially a crisis situation. I tend to be the listener when it comes to these situations and just in general. Most likely you will have most of the people in the room (people dealing with the crisis) trying to do the talking and not listening and we know communication is not just talking. I’ve learned from experience that you need to be understanding and patient with everyone in the situation, if you want to get anywhere with solving the issue or just communicating what you mean you need to take a minute and just breathe. Personally I have been in such similar situations before and it really makes a difference if you are the one with a cool head. This way of dealing with things can go for a non-health care setting and a health care setting. I am going to give you a personal story that just so happens to be in a health care setting. About 5 years ago my grandmother was hospitalized she had leukemia and lung cancer as well as a case of pneumonia which is why she went to the hospital. While at the hospital she was infected with MRSA. Once she was diagnosed with MRSA our family went into crisis mode because the doctors told us the prognosis was not good at all. She basically had maybe weeks to live. She was put on life support hoping the MRSA was clearing up and my uncles went into their â€Å"communication mode†. There are 7 brothers including my father and they are all stubborn Armenian men who have the worste communication skills ever. The wives know not to get involved too much because if was their mothers life hanging in the balance;  and none of them have any medical background to really understand what is going on and if they should pull the plug of keep her alive with the machines. As we all know doctors can only tell you so much, my sister and I are the listeners of the family and we are the vice of reason when it comes to most anything. We both just so happen to be the only two with medical backgrounds I am a nurse and she is in her medical resid ency. We had to use our knowledge and better communication skills to inform them and really show them that my grandmother was not coming out of this after we had our what I call â€Å"crisis family meeting† they decided to pull the plug that evening and my grandmother passed. In any situation whether it be medical, personal or work related communication is the same. Something that we are just now getting comfortable using in everyday life as well as crisis situations is modern technology for communicating. This is a useful tool that we still need to learn how to properly use it in such crisis situations. Sending out mass email and text messages to keep the public informed, is one of the best ways we can use social media to alert the public of ever changing crisis management issues. This has just recently eveolved into something we use in this capacity. When hurricane Katrina hit we still only used news and it was a â€Å"wow† new idea to check in with loved one over facebook and twitter because all other forms of communication such as phones were down. How 5-10 years makes a world of differences. Finishing off this paper about communicating during a crisis and how you might communicate during a non-crisis be different. How you should and could deal with people that you need to communicate during a crisis. How it really is important and how much of a new role social media is playing in crisis management. Writing this paper really made me think about how important it is to properly communicate with each other whether it’s for work or social. Being a good communicator is a bog key in all parts of life. References de Pre , A. (2005). Communicating about health: current issues and perspectives. : The Mcgraw-Hill. Fulk, J., Schmitz, J., Ryu, D. (1995, February ). Congnative elements in social construction of communication technology.Manegment Communication Quarterly , 8(3).

Doublemajoring in Literature Essay -- Personal Narrative Papers

Doublemajoring in Literature I came to Loras College intending to major in Biochemistry and only Biochemistry. I was prepared to be very serious in my studies, focused on facts, and determined to work as hard as possible to succeed, but I realized in my first semester Critical Writing: Poetry course the importance of feeling and expression in my life. I poured over chemistry and biology books, studying, rewriting, memorizing, and reveling in science; but I can remember the release and the emotional experience poetry was able to provide for me. I recall telling Dr. Bauerly that I decided to double major in Biochemistry and English Literature because I wanted to read without feeling guilty for neglecting my other homework. English Literature studies have allowed me to bring feeling and emotion to the side of me that I sometimes recognize as a skeptical and cold scientist. I always felt that I have been slightly different from other students majoring in English Literature. I never really considered myself to be creative, artistic, or insightful. I can remember my first few English Literature courses, in which I questioned whether I would really have anything of significance to add to group discussions. One of my strengths, however, as a major in English Literature has been my ability to be open and interested in new things. I try to be open and learn new ideas, styles of writing, various opinions, and critical strategies. I love hearing other people’s opinions about symbolism and theme, and I think it is interesting to consider why they see the image in such a manner. Color and Eveline and I represent my strengths as an open minded and curious person. I was skeptical about imitating an author’s style and about the significa... ...se it was an essay that I did not think I could do, but I feel I succeeded in writing it in Toomer’s style as well as developing some of my own. I learned that I should still try to accomplish overwhelming goals, even if I doubt my abilities. Studying English Literature has been a joy and a release for me. I have learned a great deal not only about other races, cultures, ages, and people in general; but also I have learned so much about myself. Literature allowed my mind and heart time to practice working together to form decisions and opinions. This aspect, listening and learning with both my heart and mind, is one skill I feel I can bring with me anywhere. This skill would make me a better doctor, a better mother, and a better person. Therefore, never have I regretted double majoring in Biochemistry and English Literature, and I doubt sincerely if I ever will.

Adm Adh

Whirlpool Case Analysis July 12, 2003 Group 3 Cindy Branon Zach Evans Melissa Holder Kendall Joseph Brandon McLain Shane Morgan Whirlpool Case Analysis 2 Whirlpool Case Facts The Whirlpool Corporation is one of four top appliance manufacturers in the world. Whirlpool has annual sales of between $4 and $6 dollars. Whirlpool supplies Sears with Kenmore washers and dryers, which accounts for thirty-seven percent (37%) of Whirlpool’s sales. Since growth of the United State’s appliance market had been evening out, Whirlpool looked to expand operations and sales in Europe.At that time, Europe’s market for appliances was twenty-five percent (25%) larger than that of the United States and was growing by four percent (4%) a year. In 1989, Whirlpool acquired a majority interest (53%) in Philips, an appliance manufacturer in the Netherlands. In the late 1980’s, the company also acquired the Kitchen Aide Company. Whirlpool has a highly automated factory in Clyde, Ohio , that is the largest of its nature. It is approximately 1. 5 million square feet and employs 3,500 people.Whirlpool’s information technology (IT) consists of domestic processing for manufacturing, sales, and engineering located in Benton Harbor, Michigan. Parts information technology for the manufactured appliances is located in an Indiana facility. International IT locations have their own data centers. These data centers support local manufacturing, materials, and inventory and are locally managed. Whirlpool also established an eight-node T1 network in a mesh topology to support these systems.Problems and Opportunities Whirlpool wanted to maintain current growth rates, so it was necessary to consider expanding to markets outside the United States. Whirlpool also looked to increase the quality of its products, improve supplier relationships, decrease costs, and to increase sales. The company hoped to increase supplier relations through acquiring Whirlpool Case Analysis 3 co mponent suppliers and encouraging these companies to lower costs and improve quality. The company also wanted to develop products for special needs customers such as the blind, elderly, disabled, etc. sing computer-assisted development applications. Whirlpool also wanted to integrate ITs' capabilities into operations such as research and development, the study and forecasting of sales, and the evaluation of its products. Whirlpool also had the problem of integrating the newly acquired Philips Corporation into its own business IT architecture. Whirlpool faced problems with the European culture, telecommunications inconsistency, and different manufacturing standards abroad. Whirlpool envisioned a global information system to establish competitive advantage to enable better sales predictions and improve supplier relations.Alternatives We believe that Whirlpool has a couple of alternatives. The first being developing and implementing a global IS systems. The company could foster Europea n relations by having a team from all countries involved in working on a global solution. Consulta nts might aid the development of the system by incorporating current national and international telecommunication standards, business practices, and other issues of global magnitude. Once a global system is in place, any acquired companies would be integrated into the existing global network.This network would ideally be centered in the current US location with connections to each country allowing real-time access and local input. Another alternative would be for Whirlpool to let each country continue to operate its' own data centers. This allows for competition in each IS shop, and the data would Whirlpool Case Analysis 4 be different among each unique location. Combining data from different shops would pose a definite challenge to the company. However, Whirlpool would not ha ve to spend money to upgrade current systems.The company might have to spend money to upgrade telecommunicatio n lines to make them compatible with US telecommunication standards. Recommendation We believe that Whirlpool should develop and implement a global IT system. Whirlpool should use IT staff from Europe as well as outside consultants to provide input into the specifics of the system. A global system would enable Whirlpool to serve customers in the United States and abroad better through improved sales forecasts and faster supply service for appliance Components (better supply and demand forecasts for each country).The first alternative would be the best alternative for Whirlpool. Actual Implementation Whirlpool is still looking for a global solution. According to Dave Whitman, Whirlpool Chairman and CEO, the company has only achieved fifty to sixty percent of building a global company. The first object for Whirlpool to achieve a global company is to integrate the procurement process, and the n technology, and last, product development. Each acquisition is carefully studied to ascertai n how it can benefit Whirlpool as a whole.By combining these three attributes, Whirlpool can become more efficient and produce better products. At this time, Whirlpool has not been able to develop a global information system, although it hopes to some day. In 1999, Whirlpool had problems with an implementation of software from SAP and E-Commerce. The company started the system even though there were problems Whirlpool Case Analysis 5 with it. Eventually, the problems were worked out with SAP, and the company continued to use it.Whirlpool also implemented web technology for customer research and ordering capabilities for retailers. Eventually, the company would like to add the capability for repair facilities to submit invoices for work completed to receive payment. One-half of sales from retailers were generated from the Internet in 2000. Whirlpool acquired manufacturing facilities in Mexico and in Poland in 2002. Local Whirlpool companies are still fulfilling market niches in their own regions. The company also hopes in incorporate IT strategy into its overall business strategy in the future.

Paradise Lost: Sympathy for Satan

Sympathy for Satan John Milton spent years trying to think of an idea to base his epic on; an idea that would make his epic last centuries and never be forgotten. His desire came to life since his work lives in history, along with Homer, Virgil and Dante. Finally, he found a muse in God and in the dawn of creation; rather than in earthly matters. John Milton’s intention while writing his epic was not to make Satan a hero, however, many people perceive such an idea. Instead, he simply wanted to display his optimistic view of life; the fact that goodness is not goodness unless it resulted from a struggle to overcome evil.Thus, Milton focuses Satan and his dishonorable deeds in order to highlight God’s kindness and goodness. Moreover, â€Å"Paradise Lost† includes Satan’s side of the story. Throughout the epic, many traits and characteristics that Milton attributes to Satan make him seam appealing or forgivable. One source of Satan’s fascination for us is that he is an extremely complex and subtle character. It would be difficult, perhaps impossible, for Milton to make perfect, infallible characters such as God the Father, God the Son, and the angels as interesting to read about as the flawed characters, such as Satan, Adam, and Eve.Satan, moreover, strikes a grand and majestic figure, apparently unafraid of being damned eternally, and uncowed by such terrifying figures as Chaos or Death. Many readers have argued that Milton deliberately makes Satan seem heroic and appealing early in the poem to draw us into sympathizing with him against our will, so that we may see how seductive evil is and learn to be more vigilant in resisting its appeal. Milton devotes much of the poem’s lines to developing Satan’s character. Satan’s greatest fault is his pride.He casts himself as an innocent victim, overlooked for an important promotion. But his ability to think so selfishly in Heaven, where all angels are equal and love d and happy, is surprising. His confidence in thinking that he could ever overthrow God displays tremendous vanity and pride. When Satan shares his pain and alienation as he reaches Earth in his soliloquy, we may feel somewhat sympathetic to him or even identify with him. But Satan continues to devote himself to evil. Every speech he gives is fraudulent and every story he tells is a lie.He works diligently to trick his fellow devils in Hell by having Beelzebub present Satan’s own plan of action. These characteristics are presented throughout Satan’s first and final soliloquy in â€Å"The Fall of Satan†; â€Å"Here we may reign secure, and in my choice to reign is worth ambition, thought in Hell: better to reign in Hell than serve in Heaven†. Satan is far from being the story’s object of admiration, as most heroes are. Yet there are many compelling qualities to his character that make him intriguing to readers.

Tannenberg essays

Tannenberg essays Geoffrey Evans. Tannenberg 1410/1914. London: Hamish Hamilton. 1970. Pp. 182. Can two events that took place over five hundred years apart from each other have a connection? Geoffrey Evans, a former Lieutenant General in the British Army, says that they can. In Tannenberg 1410/1914 Evans attempts to link the Tannenberg battle of 1410 between the Knights of the Teutonic Order and the combined Slavic forces of Poland and Lithuania and the Tannenberg battle of 1914 between Germany and Russia. Though the two battles differ greatly Evans loosely links them to the ancestry of the Prussian commander of the German Eighth Army, Marshal von Hindenburg, and his suggestion of naming the 1914 battle after that of the 1410 battle. That, however, is where the similarities end. Although Evans analyzes these two connections in the opening pages of the book he does not try to give any more solid links between the battles and instead uses the rest of the book discuss in detail the actual confrontations themselves. In the first quarter of the book Evans explicitly describes the events leading up to the battle of 1410 and the actual battle itself. In these chapters Evans smoothly integrates an amalgamation of research done by mostly Polish historians to creatively describe the tense situation between the Teutons and the Slavs in 1410. Evans goes into great detail to describe how the crusading Teutons threats to Polish and Lithuanian sovereignty led to the battle. Evans describes the Knights of the Teutonic Order under the command of the Grand Master, Ulrich von Jungingen, as hypocritical,  ¡war-hungry ¡ crusaders of the Holy Catholic Church. The citizens of Poland and Lithuania are portrayed as kind and peaceful people who were pushed to the brink and chose war under the leadership of King Jagiello of Poland instead of domination. The Tannenberg battle of 1410 that developed from the threats of the Teutons is described by Evans as  ¡&sec...

No need for topic PowerPoint Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

No need for topic - PowerPoint Presentation Example This paper discusses the business as well as marketing plans for Apple Inc. as the main points that will affect its presentation in the imminent. Business strategy. Hotelling, Steve, Joshua, and Brian, (p.12) says that an expert by the name Gil Amelio recognized why Apple was deteriorating stating lack of cash, quality hardware as well as software, focus as some reasons. Apple has reached leadership in its target market via the constant invention of new products. It came up with iPods and iTunes around 2003 thereby making them obtainable for Microsoft Windows systems. Research shows that by around 2011 in the worldwide market, iTunes accounted for 70% for the download of music. iPad, Mac, iPod are samples of good quality products Apple has produced than its contestants in the market attracting a lot of customers like the iPod that is easy to use due to its fast mover benefit. Again, its success has come through developing high quality ground breaking yields that are easy to use and t hat provide clear differentiation. Apple got its first advantage in the market due to the provision of online music through the use of iTunes as well as iPods. By the time other industries were coming into the market, Apple had relished benefits with a low degree of competition. The high level of growth has enabled the Apple company to be difficult to catch by other contestants therefore product growth and propagation plans has benefited the industry. This tells that the company will constantly lead the PC industry as long as the benefits stand. However, the accomplishments of sales benefits are not automatic. One fault in the proliferation plan may result to difficulty in strategy being realized. For the strategy product growth as well as a proliferation strategy to be successful, detailed info is needed from the producer regarding the new thing about the product. Most PC users and other groundbreaking yields do not know a lot of info about the company and the new thing about the p roduct. Apple should create ways to let people know as well as persuade customers from the entry of their groundbreaking yields in the market. Marketing Strategy According to Hotelling, Steve, Joshua, and Brian, (p. 13), Apple began a marketing movement around the iMac scheme known as No Beige with a view to distance its design from the other beige box of the time. Again, Apple has hired effective marketing plan where customer group may be forced by demographic, budgetary and others. At this moment of time, its products are made to target businessmen, students, doctors and many more. While Windows PCs came loaded with temporary software, Mac came with valuable and creative programs that consist of processor, spreadsheet amongst others. Hotelling, Steve, Joshua, and Brian, (p. 15). The position of the Apple is to aim brand loyalty as well as less price subtle customer like for instance, it has claimed on developing Unibody MacBook as well MacBook Pro. Marketing strategy is built arou nd different components. The first thing is to create a groundbreaking product to keep customers absorbed. Apple has driven a lot of clients in the worldwide market to choose its product because some have been developed for watching videos as well as producing products or mp3. Above all, the industry created numerous websites so that consumers can

Evidence-Based Practices in Nursing Research Paper

Evidence-Based Practices in Nursing - Research Paper Example Also, a primary care nurse is often the first person to working with clients who are dying, increasing the safety of patients, increasing patient outcomes and their overall experience in healthcare. In this paper, it is the intent of the student to show how evidence-based practice in primary care nursing correlates with the steps in the nursing practice for Neonatal Care (NICU) using the total patient care model. Care Delivery Model The team care delivery model seems to be the most relevant model for working in the Neonatal ICU to insure patient safety. When infants are in the intensive care unit they have different needs than infants who are in a regular nursery. In order to make sure that infants, parents, and family needs are met while the infant is in the ICU, a team provides around the clock care for each infant. According to our textbook, the RN is in charge of planning and providing the tasks to the other team members as to what is needed for each infant. The RN creates a coll aborative environment with all of the team members and is responsible for scheduling each member of the team. As a primary care nurse, being a part of the team is essential because the primary care nurse is the first one to see the infants in the ICU on a daily basis. Working as part of a team makes sure that the infants are cared for during breaks, lunches, and other situations that may come up for individual nurses. How Steps in Nursing Process Relate to Evidence-Based Process (A) Assessment The assessment area for evidence-base nursing in the literature is largely based on assessing the overall NICU programs. In some of the literature, it is shown that nurses are not always knowledgeable about evidence-based practice which may inhibit their ability to use certain interventions (Smith, Donze, Cole, Johnston, & Giebe , 2009). Using evidence-based practices has been shown to increase the level of care for patients by about 30% (Smith, Donze, Cole, Johnston, & Giebe , 2009). Allen an d Chubb (2010) add that using evidence-based assessment can help to redirect the needs of a Neonatal unit to improve care on every level. Russ, Dougherty, and Jagadish (2010) state that evidence-base practice can help nurses narrow the knowledge gap when they are working in the NICU which enhances their ability to o their jobs. (D) (Nursing) Diagnosis In diagnosis, evidence-based nursing provides an understanding of the interventions that have been used to assist in many conditions. D’Agostino (2010) suggests that the literature provides many cases of information about premature babies and how to diagnose their problems. The process of diagnosis was discovered through a series of evidence-based articles in electronic journals. The research provided a concrete foundation for working with premature babies and it provided the information that the nurses needed to proceed with a specific process. This is one of the roles that evidence-based processes have in diagnosis. Another ro le of evidence-based nursing is to provide the opportunity for nurses to discern the difference between quality studies and those that re not of good quality. As an example, Stapelkamp, Carter, Gordon and Watts (2011) studied the research on children and acute pain. They found that there were several articles that were not as good as others when

Online Discussion for Accounting class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Online Discussion for Accounting class - Essay Example The financial performance of a company can be analyzed either using single date statements or by comparing the performance across time. The four financial statements are the income statement, balance sheet, statement of retained earnings, and statement of cash flow (Weygandt, Kieso, Kimmel, 2002). These statements provide a summary of the financial performance of a company during a financial period. The balance sheet shows the position of the company at a specific point in time. The use of ratio analysis is one of the best ways to evaluate the performance of a company during a period. Another methodology to assess the performance of a company is by using comparative statements. Two financial techniques that can be used to compare financial statements are vertical and horizontal analysis. I think that techniques that compare performance across time are more effective because they show trends in financial performance. Companies that have rising performance across time are more desirabl e than firms that have declining

International Relations theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International Relations theories - Essay Example In that NATO countries view an attack upon one member State as an attack upon all treaty members collectively, the legal justification for the use of armed forces in Afghanistan in self-defence is not a matter of legal dispute in international law in the manner that the Iraq war was under contention. As professor Patrick Thaddeus Jackson wrote in ‘Theories of International Relations’ (2006) â€Å"Realism is characterized by a concern with material coercive power. It treats states as the primary unit of analysis. Power is primarily viewed in military terms, and the military power of other states presents the greatest potential danger to an individual state. Economic leverage is also considered an important element of national strength, and Realist analyses of international economics assume that hegemonic actors define not just political but economic structures.† (Jackson, 2006) In evaluating the realist concern for global security, the US and NATO powers are the pr imary police force for international trade and commerce, which was threatened directly by the World Trade Center attacks. The costs of the attack led to $40 to $60 billion USD in insurable costs according to a Congressional study, plus a large drop in the stock markets, contraction of the economy, support for the airline industry, and militarization for the war on terror internationally. (Makinen, 2002) Where international trade and business was impacted in such a major way by terrorism, the realist argument is given as the primary justification for the deployment of military forces in a police action to secure this. Where the 9/11 attacks also harmed the perception of America internationally as a hegemonic power, it also required a realist response to restore the balance of power to hegemony in a â€Å"zero sum† game of national interests. The natural resource interest in Afghanistan is arguably in natural gas, minerals, or pipelines. Yet a greater interest can be seen in NA TO of a containment of Iran, arguably a major concern due to the Islamic theocracy in the country and nuclear program. In establishing bases in both Afghanistan and Iraq, this can be seen as part of a NATO-US led policy of containment of Iranian power as well as regime change in Sunni States with the goal of democratization. The democratization argument applies to realism when NATO, the US, and others decide it is in their best interests to promote democratic governments around the world to support global security and the expansion of their social and economic interests. Finally, a critical view of realism can be seen in the interest of the Military-Industrial Complex to deploy in Afghanistan to further the expansion of the contracts related to the war and Department of Defence as they relate to private profit, ownership, and control. Question 2- How does Marxist theory address poverty and land reform as global security concern? In the economic theory developed by Karl Marx, there w ill be no true peace or security in the status quo internationally unless or until the developed nations make a commitment to economic rights and shared, egalitarian, economic development on a humanitarian and moral basis. It is the landless poor who in many regions suffer the most at the lowest levels of global capitalism internationally. Many of these

Synthetic A Priori Knowledge And Judgment Philosophy Essay

Synthetic A Priori Knowledge And Judgment Philosophy Essay It is common knowledge that we all make judgments. Judgments about people we meet, what we or others should look like, or even judgments about world affairs and nature. Yet what knowledge do we have instilled in us or how is knowledge presented to us that allow us to make the judgments we make. With that in mind, the followed text is comparing analytic and synthetic judgments while holding emphasis on synthetic a priori knowledge as reflected in Kants Critique of Pure Reason. I will then take these ideas a step further by comparing Kants ideas and arguments against Humes as it was he who interrupted his dogmatic slumbers and gave his investigations in the field of speculative philosophy a quite new direction. (Critique of Pure Reason) To begin, Kant had a few issues with the way previous philosophers used the term analytic and synthetic judgment. Based on their use of the terms, he can to the conclusion that they failed to differentiate between the judgments in a way that justifies their use. As defined by Wikipedia, An analytic judgment is a proposition whose predicate concept is contained in its subject concept. While a synthetic judgment, is a proposition whose predicate concept is not contained in its subject concept. While these two definitions of the judgments have been used in philosophy in many different ways to justify many philosophical arguments or ideas, Kant believed the two judgments were not coextensive so he gave four other logical combinations that he felt should be examined while defining analytic and synthetic judgments. Analytic a posteriori judgments cannot arise, since there is never any need to appeal to experience in support of a purely explicative assertion. Synthetic a posteriori judgments are the relatively uncontroversial matters of fact that we come to know by means of our sensory experience (though Wolff had tried to derive even these from the principle of contradiction). Analytic a priori judgments, everyone agrees, include all merely logical truths and straightforward matters of definition; they are necessarily true. Synthetic a priori judgments are the crucial case, since only they could provide new information that is necessarily true. But neither Leibniz nor Hume considered the possibility of any such case (Kemerling 2). With the definitions and formulations of the judgments aside, Kant believed that it was possible to synthetic a priori judgments because these types of judgments are what most of human knowledge is based from. With Hume in mind, Kant generally believed that Humes view on arithmetic and geometry could be used as the building blocks for natural science. Once the foundations for natural science have been laid, you can then use that information to explain certain events or predict what the future holds in respect to natural science. Hume derived this line of thinking from two different explanations. He believed that ideas come from impressions and relations of ideas which can be shown through mathematics. These impressions and relations of ideas then lay the ground work or foundation for the natural sciences. With the foundation of natural sciences being formed through impressions and relation of ideas, Hume also believed cause and effect played a role, but that experience can never be a source of any of the ideas for natural science. The reason for this is that experience is the clear example of the constant conjunction between cause and effect and it is above all clear that we cannot have knowledge without cause and effect. Thus, cause and effect gives us our impressions and relations of ideas which help form knowledge. The negative portion of Humes analysis-his demonstration that matters of fact rest upon an unjustifiable belief that there is a necessary connection between the causes and their effects-was entirely correct. (Kemerling 2) Humes rationality of cause and effect forces his conclusion that induction has no logical force. That causes have explanations behind them that could be traced back to natural reasons and are above all determined by nature. Kants Critique of Pure Reason shows how reason determines the conditions under which experience and knowledge are based. (Kemerling 1) This means that if I want to buy a car, I must have money and knowledge of what it will cost to buy a car. Without money, I cannot buy a new car or without the knowledge of where to buy a car, I would not know of a car to buy. This is where we take our experience and knowledge and combine them to give us cause and effect as above. When we have concepts of understanding, those ideas will provide us with the ability to connect knowledge together to create a synthetic a priori judgment. Kant believes that all of our knowledge stems from experience, but that our knowledge does not have to stem out of the experience. In other words a priori knowledge is independent of our experiences and senses. With that said, Kant believed that philosophy must stand in the need of a science that will determine the extent of all of it. Mathematics is an example of how far, independently of experience, we can progress in a priori knowledge. (Kemerling 3) So in conclusion, natural science contains a priori synthetic judgments and metaphysics contains a priori synthetic knowledge. Kant believes that pure reason is, That which contains the principles whereby we know anything absolutely a priori. (Critique of Pure Reason) Its like adding and subtracting which brings about a priori answers, once we do that our judgments and concepts stem from an a priori origin. For the analysis, that is, mere dissection of concepts, contained in this or that, is not the aim of, but only a preparation for metaphysics proper, which has its object the extension, by means of synthesis of prior knowledge. For Humes analysis by Kant he stated that all things ultimately exist in space, a priori, before we can sense. The priori of an object is their concept of it. It is more than showing these concepts, but containing a knowledge of their concepts and how it can be arrived as a synthesis, of a priori knowledge. (Jones 2) Overall, both Hume and Kant came to agree that all theoretical sciences of reason have synthetic a priori judgments and are followed in these principles; All knowledge begins with an experience. A priori knowledge is independent of experiences. If we understand and adapt to these principles of synthetic a priori judgment, we may begin to understand everything within a better light especially cause and effect. In respect to both Hume and Kant, I must say I agree with their definitive choices for use of the judgments. While pushing aside analytic judgments, both Kant and Hume make strong arguments for why synthetic a priori judgments are not only the foundation for natural science, but also for the definitive source of almost all human knowledge. I agree with Kant in saying that we can have an idea or impression of something which knowledge can be stemmed from, but I genuinely dont believe we can know something without having experience of it. You can have an idea of something, but not knowledge of something and those two ideals are drastically different in my mind. Overall, Kant does a great job at conforming and revamping Humes ideas on synthetic a priori judgment and without synthetic a priori knowledge, we would defiantly be lacking much knowledge in the human culture.

Essay --

Renal System 1 Kidneys have important roles in maintaining health and making our lives easier everyday. It is located near the middle of your back, just below the rib cage. Functions of the kidneys include extracting wastes from the blood and balancing body fluids from the urine. Most of kidney diseases attack the nephrons, which is the functional units of the kidney. This damages causes kidney malfunctions for example, medicines, genetic problems and injuries. One of the major kidney problems that we face every day is Acute Renal Failure also called the Acute Kidney Injury which basically is that kidneys have suddenly stopped working and as I said earlier, our kidneys excrete waste products and balances fluids in our blood, so imagine not having a perfectly working kidney, it could cause serious problems in our body that could also be fatal. Acute renal failure causes can be classified as pre-renal, intra-renal or post renal. Intrarenal Acute renal failure are those that directly attack the kidney such as an infection, glumerulonephritis, and diabetes. A common intrarenal condition is the acute tubular necrosis, where epithelial layers of the nephrons become damaged leading to changes in urine concentration, waste filtration, electrolytes and acid base balance. There are three phases of acute tubular necrosis they are initiation, maintenance usually last one to two weeks, and recovery phase where patients will be put on diuretics and will have a slow return of renal function. Patients that are at risk of developing ATN are patients that have azot... ...lp us be free of acute renal failure. To be an effective nurse to these patients, always put ourselves in their position and think, what if I have this? Or what if my one your family members has this. It will make us want to care for our patients more. Always give them the care and importance that they need. Renal system 6 Given the life that I have right now makes me realize how fortunate I am that I am healthy and able to function normally everyday, we should always be thankful and give importance to our body because it does a lot for us. Love and respect our body, and remembering that everything we do, because in the end we are not just harming ourselves but we are also hurting the people that care for us.

Quran Essay Essay

Among the innumerable facts, this writing will contribute two facts only: First, the Quran contains many scientific facts that are only being found out recently. The Quran’s linguistic style is far superior then any other form of writing. Without a doubt men have negated and contested the truth and revelation from God including the Quran revealed to prophet Mohamed (sallahu alahi wa salaam). For that reason, men in their objection and adamant behavior suggested that the Quran is word of Mohamed or the Quran is created by Mohamed; such statement is away from the truth. Undoubtedly there are other verses in the Quran related to human development that will be understood in the future as our knowledge increases. † In the Quran, Allah (subhanahu wa tala) also speaks about the Cerebrum: ( ) ( ) (Nay! If he (Abu Jahl) ceases not, We will catch him by the forelock (the front part of the brain also known as the prefrontal lobe) (15) A lying, sinful forelock! (96:15-16) Why does Allah describe the front part of the brain to be lying and sinful? In recent research scientists have found out that the prefrontal lobe actually controls a person’s decision making, cognitive behavior, personality expression, and moderating social behavior (Yang, Y Prefrontal structure†¦). This part of the brain also deals with the creation of thoughts and actions (Miller, Earl the prefrontal cortex†¦). This shows that the prefrontal lobe is the part of the brain that may engage in sinful behavior and entices someone to lie or not. This also shows that the Quran does confirm scientific facts and there is no way an unlettered nomadic Arab man[5] in the 7th century could have known these facts. The pagan Arabs of the 7th century were for the most part isolated from the two great empires[6] at that time. The two empires did not waste their time in conquering the vast Arabian deserts because of its plain and unattractive look. The Arabs had nothing, they didn’t have any monuments, and they didn’t have masterful pieces of art. Therefore the Arabs of Mecca[7] were not much of a concern to the two empires; as well the two empires were not willing to send their forces through the dangerous deserts. Thanks to this isolation, the Arabs were able to refine their language. After a few centuries, the Arabs had shaped their language into an eloquent language where everyman was known to be a poet. The Arabs prided themselves on their language. So much so, they would have tribal battles not with swords but rather their tongues and the losing tribe would be shamed. The pagan Arabs marveled at the amazing speech of the Quran. When a person speaks he is able to organize his thoughts, but a person is incapable of organizing their words based on what they are going to say later . For example, there are two ayahs that are very much the same one ayah states: â€Å"Say (O Muhammad): Allah is enough as a witness between me and you†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . The other ayah states: â€Å"Say (O Muhammad): Allah is enough between me and you as a witness†¦ † The difference is sequence, in the first ayah Allah says â€Å"witness† first, and â€Å"me and you’ later. The Quran is very sensitive to context, at the end of the first ayah Allah says â€Å"†¦he is the ever all knower, all seer of his slaves†. The ayah ends speaking about Allah, the word â€Å"witness† for Allah is used first so therefore the ayah begins with Allah and ends with Allah. While the second ayah ends with speaking about people it uses â€Å"between me and you† first then â€Å"witness† second. So the ayah begins with speaking about people and ends with speaking with people. So what is about to be said in the future has a direct influence on how words are organized before. Humans are unable to do that. Prophet Muhammad (sallahu alahi wa salaam) was never known to be a composer of any types of poetry or any other forms of literature. So when they heard this literature they were amazed. â€Å"Umar bin Al-Khattab was a great enemy of the prophet. He planned to kill the prophet, but on his way he was informed that his sister had joined the religion. He immediately changed course. Upon arrival he hit his sister. He regretted what he did so asked for the paper she was reading (containing ayahs of the Quran). Once he read it he immediately went to prophet (sallahu alahi wa salaam) and accepted Islam†. Umar bin Al-Khattab was a man that was amazed by the Quran’s linguistic style and its strong meaning. This is one of the many men who accepted Islam because of the Quran’s amazing speech. The famous Arab grammarian H. Gibb had this to say about the Quran: â€Å"As a literary monument the Koran (referring to the Quran) thus stands by itself, a production unique to the Arabic literature, having neither forerunners nor successors in its own idiom. Muslims of all ages are united in proclaiming the inimitability not only of its contents but also of its style†¦ and in forcing the High Arabic idiom into the expression of new ranges of thought the Koran develops a bold and strikingly effective rhetorical prose in which all the resources of syntactical modulation are exploited with great freedom and originality. John Penrice stated: â€Å"That a competent knowledge of the Koran is indispensable as an introduction to the study of Arabic literature will be admitted by all who have advanced beyond the rudiments of the language. From the purity of its style and elegance of its diction it has come to be considered as the standard of Arabic†¦ † These two men have an understanding of the linguis tic excellence of the Quran. Allah says: Do they not then consider the Quran carefully? Had it been from other than Allah, they would surely have found therein many contradictions. (Quran 04:82). The Quran contains many palindromes; palindromes in many languages can only be done with one word. For example, in the English language the word Race Car can be written the same backward. In the Quran there are entire sentences that are palindromes. For example, in the Quran, Allah says: ( ) Magnify your Lord (Allah)! (Quran 74:3) In conclusion, the Quran has impacted the world in many ways. The Quran was not only sent to the desert Arabs but rather it was sent to all of mankind. Allah sends out a challenge, Allah (subhanahu wa tala) says: ( ) â€Å"And if you (Arab pagans, Jews, and Christians) are in doubt concerning that which We have sent down (i. e. the Quran) to Our slave (Muhammad Peace be upon him), then produce a Surah of the like thereof and call your witnesses (supporters and helpers) besides Allah, if you are truthful. † (Quran 2:23) The Quran is a revelation from Allah and it was revealed upon the tongue of Muhammad (sallahu alahi wa salaam). The Quran contains many scientific facts ranging from embryology to the purpose of the frontal lobe. All of this presented in a beautiful linguistic form, so much so when the Quran is translated into English, the language’s primitive level is unable to display the Quran’s linguistic beauty. This renders the English native unable to appreciate the Quran in a way the pagan Arabs of the 7th century were able. The Quran reaches the top level of eloquence in the Arabic language as well as other languages. The idea of Muhammad (sallahu alahi wa salaam) being able to go from being a unlettered man to the top author in the Arabic language is impossible on all plains of reality. Therefore, the only logical reason to say is that Muhammad (sallahu alahi wa salaam) has received revelation from the Almighty. QURAN: A REVELATION? Name: Harun O. G Course: GLE20 Teacher: Ms. Vacar Date: April 09, 2011 ———————– 1]sallahu alahi wasalm means peace be upon him [2] Allah is the Arabic word for God and is preferred(to Muslims) [3] subhanahu wa tala means glorified and exalted be he(Allah) [4] Ayat: this is the plural version of Ayah, this word does not have a direct translation in English but the closest one is verse. In other places in the Quran ayah means signs. [5] According to sources Prophet Muhammad (sallahu alahi wasalm) was a illiterate man [6] Persian and Roman empire [7] Is found in Saudi Arabia and is the holiest city for Muslims

Advanced Counselling Skills Essay

1. Understand the process of a series of counselling sessions. 1.1 Identify the stages of a series of counselling sessions. A well-structured counselling session provides an essential framework for both counsellor and client. Many authors describe the structure of a counselling work in terms of a beginning, middle phase and end Jacobs (2004). Gray (2004) likens the structure to an artist’s frame encapsulating a picture stating â€Å"Just as the frame around a picture serves to enhance and contain the material within it, so the structure erected around a counselling arrangement supports the work the participants are engaged in†. The beginning session is crucial for establishing trust, initial rapport and boundary settings. This is described in more detail in 1.2. The middle phase of the session is the working part where the exploration and the work takes place. It involves some or all of the key counselling skills. The main aims are ensuring using skills that support the client to feel secure enabling them to recognise their emotions, thought processes and behaviours and reflect on these. It gives space enabling clients to establish their own change. The ending is the third stage and is an action phase. It is result of the enhancement of the client’s self-acceptance and the associated internalising of his locus of evaluation. It contains elements of review and importantly effective closure for both client and counsellor. 1.2 Evaluate the importance of an appropriate opening of a series of sessions. The beginning of a session is important to establish trust, rapport and set boundaries. The contract occurs to help establish a  professional relationship. It includes confidentiality, time, money, complaints and client expectations of the counselling environment. Day and Sparacio (1988) describe this as â€Å"a joint understanding between the counsellor and client regarding the characteristics, conditions, procedures and parameters of counselling†. Establishing a solid professional relationship which is clearly boundaries reduces the chance of conflict in the future sessions. It empowers the client to feel secure and valued and protects the counsellor from possible issues such as over money or time keeping. Opening sessions allow for the first positive and professional impression to be made. The client may feel unsure of the process and the opening session(s) allows for trust to develop alongside the client’s willingness to open up. At the beginning the power is on the side of the counsellor due to knowledge this shifts towards the client through explanation of the process as there are no hidden agendas. 1.5 Explain the importance of working towards the ending of a series of sessions. In person centred counselling the client generally dictates the end point although a counsellor may still initiate an ‘endings’ discussion inviting the clients opinion on this. There are three areas that can be defined in preparing for an ending of sessions. Reviews and restarts and preparation for ending This is to explain to the client that although the current counselling process counselling is coming to an end it is not necessarily a cure all one-time event. It may be entered into again later in life or the client may not feel the need for future intervention. Reviewing the counselling process This is to develop and check a client’s cognitive understanding of what has transpired. Practical questions posed by Bayne (2008) could take the form of How does the client feel about the ending? What has this counselling relationship been like? What has been achieved? What has the client learned to help in the future? What might happen in the future? Unfinished business This is a chance for a client to voice questions or uncertainties that may have gone unsaid and focus on short work that still needs to be achieved. Both client and counsellor need to be able reflect on the ending for themselves, on what has been achieved, and what are their own reactions to an ending. In counselling endings may not go to plan and some clients may end sessions without notice. This could leave the counsellor feeling unsettled that the relationship has not been ended well for either of them. Clients may decide in the middle of a series of sessions the counselling is not for them because it’s not working or what it brings up is too difficult at that time. Financial or life demands may also stop the client from coming. Some clients may not realise they are ready for the ending and feel rejected by the suggestion this could come from rejections in previous life events and needs careful handling. This is similar to Egan’s (1986) model the â€Å"Three stage f ramework† which lists exploration, understanding and action in sessions. 1.3 Explain the purpose and importance of a working agreement for a series of sessions. A working agreement is important as the counselling relationship is a contract either as a private personal therapist or as part of an agency. There are guidelines and procedures from the British Association of Counselors and Physcotherapists (BACP) and the agency that need to be followed in order to protect the agency, client and counsellor. It is important that a contract is agreed and this includes practical considerations such as (money, time, location and frequency of sessions). It can also include the model and style of work that the counsellor and client wish to work within. Within the contract confidentiality is essential to help secure the client and build a sense of trust and professional relationship. This can be explaining how records are kept, supervision and permission to share certain information with G.P with or without prior consent from the client. Other practical arrangements may be such as what procedure to follow if the client or counsellor cannot make a session or how they can contact each other or holidays. It is useful to set out what will and won’t happen in counselling is so there is a baseline of understanding. This may include issues such as physical proximity and touching. It may  relate to chance meetings outside of the room and how they could be handled. It can include other sign posting and emergencies contacts if the counsellor is not available. The counsellor can explain his or her role and the expectations of this alongside the role and expectation of the clients such as time keeping and commitment to the process. It can involve the difficulty of endings and developing an agreement with the client if they chose to end the sessions early calls the c ounsellor for closure on both sides. In conclusion the counselling relationship is based on the counsellor’s ability to identify the client’s expectations and anxiety about the service. To be able to clarify the clients and counsellors ability and limitations of the relationship. Laying the foundations of the contact protects the counsellor and client physically and emotionally and reduces the chances of conflict that could derail the therapeutic relationship. For example payments could affect the power relationship between counsellor and client. Without an agreement the client is less likely to feel secure and valued by the counsellor and be more likely to not commit fully to the therapeutic process. 1.4 Explain the purpose and importance of reviewing progress with the client (assessment). Traditionally assessment is not generally emphasised in the person centred counselling approach as it disrupts the clients from focusing on themselves and working with their feelings, shifting the focus of attention from the client to the counsellor. However, given the nature of the counselling work and contract based work counsellor’s work within it is often necessary and required by an agency. I personally see assessment as key to gaining insight in to the client and building a plan of work. Counselling is a contractual relationship as part of this there needs to be regular review of the work being undertaken to ensure the goals or conditions established are being met and progress is being made. Assessment according to Gladding (2009) entails â€Å"the collection of information in order to identify, analyse, evaluate and address the problems, issues and circumstances of clients in the counselling relationship†. This is then used to identify potential work needed, planning interventions and evaluation clients. Assessment is a process in counselling not just a beginning and end event. Brammer (1989) writes on assessment saying â€Å"the integration of assessment information  requires a process of developing a description and explanation of the client’s problems that will be used as a basis for a therapeutic plan. The therapist is interested in linking the client presenting problems to the client personalised meaning of the problem, unique developmental history, family system interactions and formulate explanations that hypothesise about why the client has become symptomatic at this particular time† At the beginning of a series of sessions time needs to be given over to an initial assessment it can use a number or practical tools such as assessment questionnaires. This, as stated above, can help identify possible areas of work. It can inform to the counsellor that their client requires more specialist help such as complex trauma work and a referral needed. Alongside this an initial assessment may take the following structure and can look for information on: Current problems Previous counselling experience Occupation, relationship and children Medical and health Why choosing counselling now What to gain form counselling Historical information school, upbringing, memories and diversity issues Support networks Discussion on if counselling is suitable or referral made. Some counsellors add a review into the end of every session this is particularly relevant with short focused based counselling. Evaluation sheets may be used every week as part of NHS contracted work to establish progress or value added for the organisation to justify funding. Reviewing of work may be just once in the middle of a series of sessions for less focus based work as around 8 to 10 sessions. With longer open ended contract whole sessions maybe given over to reviewing. These may use formal evaluation forms such as Clinical Outcome Routine Evaluation forms (CORE) or other methods such as Primary Health Evaluation of Mental Disorders Patient Questionnaire (PHQ-9). It may simply be a session dedicated to discussion over the clients progress overall. Evaluation or assessment, as a process, can be useful to show the client the progress they are making. It is essential to relate back to the initial question as although counselling may  have been useful, and the client feel better, but has it redressed the clients presenting problem? 1.6 Explain the importance of ensuring the environment is suitable and safe. The space in which the session takes place is important; it should be quiet, safe and above all confidential. All distractions such as mobile phones or interruptions should be minimised. It should remain consistent, comfortable and neutral in design. Both client and counsellor safety in terms of health and safety and lone working arrangements should be catered for. Green (2010) describes the importance of the room and lack of personal or religious aspects saying â€Å"the room is a kind of metaphor for what will take place between you. You the counsellor are going to be fully present, warm and available to the client but you are not going to being other aspects of yourself into the equation†. 2. be able to conduct a counselling session with a client in an ethical, effective and safe way. 2.1 Open the session, explaining the working agreement including 2.2 Develop the session using the following skills and interventions appropriate for the session and the model used. 2.3 End a session appropriately, usually the following where applicable See recording 3. Be able to reflect on the counselling session 3.1 Evaluate the effectiveness of the opening of the session This session was a continuation of previous sessions the need to open the session effectively and invite the client in still remains. In this session the contract was reviewed including the essentials of time boundaries, confidentiality, student status and ethical framework. In addition to this contract permission was sought to record the session. The contract was shorter than normal and on reflection could have been delivered slower and given invitation for the client throughout to ask questions. In the opening of the session I invited the client in and to do this briefly reflected and offered a summary of work that had taken place in the previous sessions. This was to show my attentiveness and show the client they had been heard previously and my attention was firmly on them from the outset of the session. 3.2 Justify the use of skills used during the session Attentiveness and rapport building The rapport with the client had been set in previous sessions and continued through this one. This was shown by a short summary at the beginning reflecting on topics from these previous sessions. The client was given an opportunity to bring one of these prior topics or something new to the session with the question â€Å"I was wondering which avenue you would like to go down today?† [3.45] Active listening Active listening is to show the client they are being heard. This is not only through verbal ques and reflecting but also in non-verbal ways. Throughout the session there were nonverbal examples of my attentiveness with nodding and smiling where appropriate and also the â€Å"Um† and â€Å"Okay† comments to encourage the client to continue with their story. Examples of this are at [10.52] after the client â€Å"I feel like I have to step in and get **** to see it from his perspective†. I use them â€Å"Um† instead of questioning as I sensed there was more to come from the client about this point. They start to question themselves so the nonverbal action was affective. Empathic listening Empathy is a way of being not just a professional role or communication skill it is attending to both the physical and psychological and listens to the clients view point. Empathy builds self-confidence and positive regard alongside promotes professionalism. Listening to the client and them feeling held in the session is crucial to allow them the space and security to open up. In this session there were several examples where I show the client they are being heard. This is around [13.30] minutes into the session where I ask the client â€Å"I wonder what you are left feeling?† At [16.10] I ask â€Å"Where do you see yourself?† The client throughout is focusing on their partner and their children but not on their own feelings. Effective questioning Open ended questions allow for the free flow of information, understanding the problem better and allows for rapport building. Closed questions that only elicit a yes or no elicit the opposite response of closing down the conversation. In the session there are a few open questions such as â€Å"I wonder what you mean by you know† [5.25]. This is to try and elicit what the client means in the context. Another example is â€Å"What does it feel like for you when the tensions going on?† The aim is to open up the clients feelings more at that point in their life and gain better understanding. Summarising My summary occurs 4 minutes from the end of the session. The client is made aware of this by the statement â€Å"If I could summarise†. The idea being to check the client felt heard and that there was no bits that I had missed from the session as the client should leave feeling heard and valued. The summary went over the salient points of the session allowing chance for reflection on the positives that came out of the conversation. The aim being to leave the client with a positive feeling relating to the work that have done. The client then reflects themselves back about something they have discovered about their relationship and how they may look at it differently. At the end the client is thanked and given an invitation to continue this exploration next session. Thus allowing the client time to think before the next session on what they would like to bring. This is to leave the session’s client centred. Focusing and challenging At [25.29] the client begins to bring in another aspect to the topic. Although potentially relevant there is little time to explore this topic. Focusing allowed for this session to stay on the track it I said â€Å"We only have a few minutes left of the session. Your Mum has been mentioned in several sessions but I’m wondering if we can stay focused on that moment†. By focusing the aim was to explore the feeling in more detail and not allow avoidance alongside not bringing a new topic when there was no time to fully explore this being so close to the end of a session. Immediacy There is a good example of immediacy in the session. It is important as a counsellor to not only hear what the client is saying but also be aware of their body language. At [10.42] I say to the client â€Å"You gestured with your hands that sense of balance† then I reflect on the balance between the children and partner that the client has been talking about. Working at an appropriate pace Pacing in this session was good. As a counsellor mine matched that of the clients throughout. This had already been established in the previous sessions although the contract could have been slowed down. The idea is to match the clients pace, pitch, tone and speed. A counsellor can use their own tone of pitch to slow the client down if they are running away with their story rather than taking the time to pause and think. Checking understanding with the client There were several examples of checking understanding with the client. The first occurred at [3.00] where I asked â€Å"Would you mind briefly going through†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.† This was seeking clarity of a historical event. The second occurred at [9.00] with the question â€Å"Remind me how long †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..† Although covered in a previous session it was important that the time frames being worked with were accurate. The aim being to also focus the client on the actual length of time they have been with their new partner. 3.3 Explain why other skills were not used during the session Managing silence There was no silence in the session this was due to my need to develop this skill. The spaces still feel unnatural and there were several chances where it could have been used. At [23.15] after the client responds they pose their own question â€Å"What will happen if I don’t?† I respond â€Å"Good question what will happen if you don’t†. At this moment the client should have been given time to think. Instead of this I looked to direct the conversation instead of holding the client in that moment and giving them the space. A second example was when the client comments â€Å"Why am I doing it†. I jumped in instead of leaving the space. If the silence had continued beyond the client’s reflection then I could have paraphrased this back to them to  highlight their thinking at that time. These interruptions potentially could cause the client to get nervous, stop the flow of information or feel intimidated. They could lose confidence in the proce ss and by not feeling heard could prevent communication in the future. Challenging During this session there was a very poor example of challenging where I asked the client â€Å"You’ve spoken about protecting the teenagers I was wondering if it was about protecting your relationship as well†. This was about my addenda to find out if there was a link and did not add value to the conversation at that point instead it detracted from the clients work. An example of missed challenging occurred at [6.39] the client uses the word â€Å"worried† four times in a minute. I could have challenged them on what the word worried meant to them as each of us carries our own perception. Working with diversity as it impacts on the session Within this session I sis not bring in diversity. Although working with this client there is normally an element as they are not British born and moved to the UK as an adult. So culturally in terms of relationships and family dynamics there is a possibility of needing to understand the difference. Language has in previous sessions been a barrier with needing to clarify my understanding of how Evaluate the effectiveness of closing the session This session was closed well the client was given a warning that was near the end of time with me saying â€Å"We only have a few minutes left†. They were then offered â€Å"If I could summarise†. The summary covered the main points from the session and allowed the client to affirm these. It gave opportunity to leave a positive point for the client to think upon to leave them secure after the session. It also opened up the possibility for the topic for the next session allowing them homework of reflection. The client by responding and affirming the summary gave rise to the fact they felt heard in the session. The session was within the time boundaries and the client was thanked for the session. Recognition was given to the next meeting with the client. Bibliography Brammer, L. Shostrom E and Abrego, P. (1989) Therapeutic Psychology Fundamentals in Counselling and Psychotherapy. 5th Ed. New Jersey: Prenice Hall. Bayne, R. (2008). The counsellor’s handbook. Cheltenham, U.K.: Nelson Thornes. Day, R.W and Sparacio (1988) Structuring the counselling process in Dryden (2008) Key Issues for Counselling in Action. London: SAGE Egan, G (1986) The skilled helper. Pacific Grove, Calif: Brooks/Cole Gray, A (2004) An introduction to the Therapeutic frame, London: Routledge Green, J and Claringbull, N. 2010 Creating the therapeutic relationship in counselling and psychotherapy. Exeter: Learning Matters Gladding, S.T (2009) Counselling: A Comprehensive profession (6th Ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. Jacobs M (2004) Psychodynamic Counselling in Action (3rd Edition) London: Sage